A correctional health care system should include an ongoing evaluation process to assess and improve the health care provided to prisoners and to enable health care staff to institute corrective care or other action as needed. (a) The term lockdown means a decision by correctional authorities to suspend activities in one or more housing areas of a correctional facility and to confine prisoners to their cells or housing areas. In order to effectuate these principles, correctional authorities should: (i) humane and healthful living conditions; (ii) safety from harm, including protection from punitive or excessive force and protection from abuse by other prisoners and staff; (iv) freedom from staff harassment and invidious discrimination; (v) freedom of religion and substantial freedom of expression; (vi) conditions conducive to maintaining healthy relationships with their families; (vii) opportunities to participate in constructive activity andrehabilitative programs; and, (viii) comprehensive re-entry planning; and. (d) The right of access to counsel described in subdivisions (a) and (c) of this Standard should apply in connection with all legal matters, regardless of the type or subject matter of the representation or whether litigation is pending or the representation has commenced. Prisoners should continue to have unrestricted access to toilets, washbasins, and drinking water. Visits with counsel and clergy should not be counted as visiting time, and ordinarily should be unlimited in frequency. B. Correctional authorities should memorialize and facilitate review of uses of force. (b) In imposing and enforcing financial obligations on prisoners, governmental authorities, including courts, should consider both the interest served by the imposition of the obligation and the cumulative effect of financial obligations on a prisoners successful and law-abiding re-entry. (b) Correctional authorities should provide prisoners with clean, appropriately sized clothing suited to the season and facility temperature and to the prisoners work assignment and gender, in quantities sufficient to allow for a daily change of clothing. If correctional officials elect to require use of a particular grievance form, correctional authorities should make forms and writing implements readily available and should allow a grievant to proceed without using the designated form if it was not readily available to that prisoner. Correctional authorities should be permitted to censor material if it could be censored in publications sent to prisoners through the mail. These Standards supplant the previous ABA Criminal Justice Standards on the Legal Status of Prisoners and, in addition, new Standard 23-6.15 supplants Standards 7-10.2 and 7-10.5 through 7-10.9 of the ABA Criminal Justice Mental Health Standards. (c) Each state legislature should establish an authority to promulgate and enforce standards applicable to jails and local detention facilities in the state. (c) The term correctional agency means an agency that operates correctional facilities for a jurisdiction or jurisdictions and sets system-wide policies or procedures, along with that agencys decision-makers. (iv) Monthly, and more frequently if clinically indicated, a qualified mental health professional should see and treat each prisoner who is receiving mental health treatment. Correctional officials should strive to create an institutional culture in which sexual assault or sexual pressure is not tolerated, expected, or made the subject of humor by staff or prisoners. In developing the re-entry plan, correctional authorities should involve any agency with supervisory authority over the prisoner in the community and, with the prisoners permission, should invite involvement by the prisoners family. Governmental authorities should strive to locate correctional facilities near the population centers from which the bulk of their prisoners are drawn, and in communities where there are resources to supplement treatment programs for prisoners and to provide staff for security, programming, and treatment. (a) Each sentenced prisoner should be employed substantially full-time unless there has been an individualized determination that no work assignment for that prisoner is consistent with security and safety. For biomedical research that poses only a minimal risk to its participants or for behavioral research, prisoner participation should be allowed only if the research offers potential benefits to prisoners either individually or as a class. It's time to renew your membership and keep access to free CLE, valuable publications and more. (iii) involuntary testing or treatment would accord with applicable law for a non-prisoner. Correctional officials should allow a prisoner not receiving home furloughs to have extended visits with the prisoners family in suitable settings, absent an individualized determination that such an extended visit would pose a threat to safety or security. in which case did the supreme court rule that prisoners who adhere to non-traditional religious beliefs may not be denied the opportunity to practice their own religion. (b) Governmental authorities in all branches in a jurisdiction should take necessary steps to avoid crowding that exceeds a correctional facilitys rated capacity or adversely affects the facilitys delivery of core services at an adequate level, maintenance of its physical plant, or protection of prisoners from harm, including the spread of disease. A correctional agency should develop a range of housing options for such prisoners, including high security housing; residential housing with various privilege levels dependent upon treatment and security assessments; and transition housing to facilitate placement in general population or release from custody. a judicial order asking correctional officials to produce the prisoner and to give reasons to justify continued confinement is called a writ of _______________. (a) In conducting a search of a prisoners body, correctional authorities should strive to preserve the privacy and dignity of the prisoner. A correctional facility should store all prescription drugs safely and under the control and supervision of the physician in charge of the facilitys health care program. (e) Correctional authorities should allow prisoners to follow religiously motivated modes of dress or appearance, including wearing religious clothing, headgear, jewelry, and other symbols, subject to the need to maintain security and to identify prisoners. (iv) a voter registration card or general instructions on how to register to vote, if eligible to vote upon release. Correctional authorities should inform prisoners that their conversations may be monitored, and should not monitor or record conversations for purposes of harassment or retaliation. To go to a particular black letter Standard (without commentary), click on the relevant Standard in the Table of Contents, below. Subject to the remainder of this Standard, restraints should not be used except to control a prisoner who presents an immediate risk of self-injury or injury to others, to prevent serious property damage, for health care purposes, or when necessary as a security precaution during transfer or transport. (a) Correctional administrators and officials should promulgate clear written rules for prisoner conduct, including specific definitions of disciplinary offenses, examples of conduct that constitute each type of offense, and a schedule indicating the minimum and maximum possible punishment for each offense. Correctional authorities should take steps necessary to protect the prisoner from further sexual assaults, contacts, or exploitation. in regard to an inmates 1st amendment, _____________ requires that a regulation provide a reasonable method of advancing a legitimate institutional goal. (m) The term effective notice means notice in a language understood by the prisoner who receives the notice; if that prisoner is unable to read, effective notice requires correctional staff to read and explain the relevant information, using an interpreter if necessary. (f) If long-term imprisonment is anticipated, a prisoner with an infant should be helped to develop necessary plans for alternative care for the infant following the period described in subdivision (e) of this Standard, in coordination with social service agencies. (c) A correctional facility should maintain order and should protect prisoners from harm from other prisoners and staff. (b) A prisoner suffering from a serious or potentially life-threatening illness or injury, or from significant pain, should be referred immediately to a qualified medical professional in accordance with written guidelines. Any prisoner in segregated housing who develops serious mental illness should be placed in an environment where appropriate treatment can occur. (b) Correctional authorities should provide all prisoners daily opportunities for significant out-of-cell time and for recreation at appropriate hours that allows them to maintain physical health and, for prisoners not in segregated housing, to socialize with other prisoners. (e) Correctional authorities should communicate effectively with prisoners who have disabling speech, hearing, or vision impairments by providing, at a minimum: (i) hearing and communication devices, or qualified sign language interpretation by a non-prisoner, or other communication services, as needed, including for disciplinary proceedings or other hearings, processes by which a prisoner may make requests or lodge a complaint, and during provision of programming and health care; (ii) closed captioning on any televisions accessible to prisoners with hearing impairments; (iii) readers, taped texts, Braille or large print materials, or other necessary assistance for effective written communication between correctional authorities and prisoners with vision impairments, andwhen a prisoner with a vision impairment is permitted to review prison records, as in preparation for a disciplinary or other hearing; and. (c) All prisoners placed in segregated housing should be provided with meaningful forms of mental, physical, and social stimulation. (f) Notwithstanding a finding pursuant to subdivision (d) of this Standard that involuntary treatment is appropriate, mental health care staff should continue attempting to elicit the prisoners consent to treatment. (a) Correctional authorities should not use restraint mechanisms such as handcuffs, leg irons, straitjackets, restraint chairs, and spit-masks as a form of punishment or retaliation. (iii) Weekly, a qualified mental health professional should observe and seek to talk with each prisoner. (b) When practicable, correctional authorities should prevent prisoners from observing searches and shakedowns of other prisoners cells and property. The chief executive of the facility or a higher-ranking correctional administrator should receive reports of all cases in which staff are found to have engaged in misconduct involving prisoners and should have final responsibility for determining the appropriate sanction. Correctional authorities should provide female prisoners job opportunities reasonably similar in nature and scope to those provided male prisoners. (a) Correctional authorities should screen each prisoner as soon as possible upon the prisoners admission to a correctional facility to identify the prisoner's immediate potential security risks, including vulnerability to physical or sexual abuse, and should closely supervise prisoners until screening and follow-up measures are conducted. (d) When a prisoner dies, correctional officials should promptly notify the jurisdictions medical examiner of the death and its circumstances; the medical examiner should decide whether an autopsy should be conducted. (i) Correctional agency policies should strive to ensure full staff accountability for all uses of force. (c) Correctional authorities should allow professionally accredited journalists reasonable use of notebooks, writing implements, video and still cameras, and audio recorders. Single-occupancy cells should be the preferred form of prisoner housing. The prisoner should be given written documentation of this information. (g) Any jurisdiction that enters into a contract with a private corporation or entity for the operation of a correctional facility should implement procedures to monitor compliance with that contract systematically, regularly, and using a variety of on- and off-site monitoring techniques, including reviewing files and records, physically inspecting the facility, and interviewing staff and prisoners. 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