B. This invasion helped take pressure off of the Russians on the Eastern Front by attacking German forces in western Europe. Complete the given sentence by choosing the correct pronoun form.\ The D-Day invasion in June 1944 was important to the outcome of World War II because it answer choices opened a new Allied front in Europe avoided use of the atomic bomb against civilian targets forced Italy to surrender stopped Soviet advances in eastern Europe Question 10 30 seconds Q. The demands of participating in the second World War revitalized American industry and made the United States a global leader in production. Unlike Nelson, Byrnes was able to establish an accommodation with the military services over war production by acting as an arbiter among contending forces in the WPB, settling disputes between the board and the armed services, and dealing with the multiple problems of the War Manpower Commission, the agency charged with controlling civilian labor markets and with assuring a continuous supply of draftees to the military (Koistinen, 510). It was the largest and most sustained bombing campaign yet attempted. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1951. Harriet Tubman, Madame C. J. Walker, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, Joan of Arc. The U.S. Supreme Court decisions in. American techno-scientific innovations mattered most dramatically in high-tech sectors which were often hidden from public view by wartime secrecy. All the initial belligerents in World War I were self-sufficient in food except Great Britain and Germany.Great Britain's industrial establishment was slightly superior to Germany's (17 percent of world trade in 1913 as compared with 12 percent for Germany), but Germany's diversified chemical industry facilitated the production of ersatz, or substitute, materials, which compensated for . The word means "divine wind" in Japanese. What industry was transformed into war production in only nine months? Direct link to carlie's post Was this the beginning of, Posted 3 years ago. 4. A third wartime socioeconomic trend was somewhat ironic, given the reduction in the supply of civilian goods: rapid increases in many Americans personal incomes. Fischer, Gerald J. Minority women also endured discrimination and dislocation during the war years. Not only those who were unemployed during the depression found jobs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. By the time war-bond sales ended in 1946, 85 million Americans had purchased more than $185 billion worth of the securities, often through automatic deductions from their paychecks (Brief History of World War Two Advertising Campaigns: War Loans and Bonds). Not a major factor, but Japanese pistols were easily the worst fielded by any army during the war. Between 1929 and 1939, the American unemployment rate averaged 13.3 percent (calculated from Corrected BLS figures in Darby, 1976, 8). Conversion thus became a goal pursued by public officials and labor leaders. First, in late 1942, Nelson successfully resolved the so-called feasibility dispute, a conflict between civilian administrators and their military counterparts over the extent to which the American economy should be devoted to military needs during 1943 (and, by implication, in subsequent war years). Would you rather perform in a production of West Side Story or a production of Romeo and Juliet? Eventually more than 15,000,000 men and women would serve in the armed forces, but not until 1943 would the United States be strong enough to undertake large-scale offensive operations. Lichtenstein, Nelson. The hardships of the previous fifteen years of war and depression were replaced by rising living standards, increased opportunities, and a newly emerging American culture confident of its future and place in the world. The United States, as David Kennedy writes, ultimately proved capable of some epochal scientific and technical breakthroughs, [but] innovated most characteristically and most tellingly in plant layout, production organization, economies of scale, and process engineering (Kennedy, 648). With such a large pool of taxpayers, the American government took in $45 billion in 1945, an enormous increase over the $8.7 billion collected in 1941 but still far short of the $83 billion spent on the war in 1945. The attack destroyed nearly every plane on the ground and only a few American fighters managed to even get airborne to offer any opposition. Americans placed more legal wagers in 1943 and 1944, and racetracks made more money than at any time before. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1945%E2%80%9364). Foreign lives. The annexation of Austria by Germany in 1938.& violation of Treaty of Versailles, attempting to avoid conflict by making concessions and agreeing to part of the demands (giving Hitler what he wanted so he would stop aggression), FDR's justification for lending weapons to the British, secret agreement signed by President Franklin Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill in 1941 outlining the two nations' war aims for self-determination, alliance between germany, italy, and japan because they all wanted empires and they were totalitarian, only battle to ever be fought completely in the air, Germany tries to subdue England with massive air attacks. Standard 3 - Historical Analysis and Interpretation: The formal declarations of war by the United States on Japan and Germany made plain, once and for all, that the American economy would now need to be transformed into what President Roosevelt had called the Arsenal of Democracy a full year before, in December 1940. The war was not "fun" anymore when kids from the neighborhood started dying from the war. Foremost among these trends was the expansion of employment, which paralleled the expansion of industrial production. D. illogical. They were able to do this because they had all the materials needed to create other things. Nash, Gerald D. The American West Transformed: The Impact of the Second World War. What did most American soldiers think of invading Japan? Then draw a vertical line between the sentences, underline the subject once and the verb twice. 4 (September 1991): 741-56. Stephen Ambrose calls D-Day "the greatest achievement of the American Republic in the first half of the 20th Century." At the peak of its war effort, in late 1943 and early 1944, the United States was manufacturing almost as many munitions as all of its allies and enemies combined. African-Americans moved with particular alacrity and permanence: 700,000 left the South and 120,000 arrived in Los Angeles during 1943 alone. For the United States, World War II and the Great Depression constituted the most important economic event of the twentieth century. Images of prosperous white middle-class families in their suburban homes symbolized the popular narrative of economic stability and traditional family values. In the United States, President Franklin Roosevelt promised, less dramatically, to enact a New Deal which would essentially reconstruct American capitalism and governance on a new basis. David R. Henderson, 2002. The real event that changed America into a nation actively at war was the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. It was the first peacetime draft in American history, assigning over 800,000 men to the armed forces. B. an unequal distribution of wealth. The depression has made it harder for her to feed and house her relatives. The wide array of New Deal programs and agencies which existed in 1939 meant that the federal government was markedly larger and more actively engaged in social and economic activities than it had been in 1929. The Rise of American Industry. Scientists, under the direction of the Office of Scientific Research and Development, played a more important role in production than in any previous war, making gains in rocketry, radar and sonar, and other areas. Hollywood boomed as workers bought movie tickets rather than scarce clothes or unavailable cars. Though the bonds returned only 2.9 percent annual interest after a 10-year maturity, they nonetheless served as a valuable source of revenue for the federal government and an extremely important investment for many Americans. Source: Nash, 221. Jews and other groups that some Germans considered "undesirable" were the main victims. World War II (WWII) was a global conflict that lasted from 1939 to 1945. if woman did not start working then would we have had woman working know a days. Barely a handful of army divisions even approached a state of readiness. In particular, World War II led many women to take jobs in defense plants and factories around the country. When the stock market crashed on October 29, 1929, the financial crisis had worldwide consequences and the reaction of nations to the dire financial straits of the Depression had a huge impact. In brief, as economic historian Alan Milward writes, the United States emerged in 1945 in an incomparably stronger position economically than in 1941 By 1945 the foundations of the United States economic domination over the next quarter of a century had been secured [This] may have been the most influential consequence of the Second World War for the post-war world (Milward, 63). The unprecedented growth of the U.S. economy translated into prosperity that resulted in millions of office and factory workers being lifted into a growing middle class that moved to the suburbs and embraced consumer goods. The Americans were able to win because they had more. By exercising restraint in the region as a whole and by withdrawing American occupation forces from the Caribbean, Roosevelt increased the prestige of the United States in Latin America to its highest level in memory. The majority took over other factory or office jobs that had been held by men. Although in retrospect U.S. entry into World War II seems inevitable, in 1941 it was still the subject of great debate. Still, the auto companies only fully converted to war production in 1942 and only began substantially contributing to aircraft production in 1943. Almost 19 million American women (including millions of black women) were working outside the home by 1945. Reconversion from military to civilian production had been an issue as early as 1944, when WPB Chairman Nelson began pushing to scale back war production in favor of renewed civilian production. Field, Alexander J. Direct Object: Little troubled the men, whom thepublicanserved. What role did American industry and agriculture play in the war? April 1993. By 1945, the percentage of blacks who held war jobs eight percent approximated blacks percentage in the American population about ten percent (Kennedy, 775). When Germanys invasion of Poland in 1939 touched off World War II, Roosevelt called Congress into special session to revise the Neutrality Act to allow belligerents (in reality only Great Britain and France, both on the Allied side) to purchase munitions on a cash-and-carry basis. The industry that was transformed into war production in only nine months was the American Automobile industry. governmental leader who has absolute control, Once communism gets a foothold, everything around it falls as well, 1st American hero, bombing raid in Tokoyo, Commander of the Allied forces on the Philippine islands, the British military is trapped on the French coast but using civilian and military ships manages to evacuate most of its army - considered a miracle, English army rescued (civilians helped) against English channel, General who commanded troops in North Africa. Japanese-Americans were placed in concentration camps during World War II as a result of anti-Japanese prejudice and fear The minority groups most adversely affected by Washington's wartime policies was Japanese-Americans The general American attitude toward World War II was Planning for this invasion, codenamed "Operation Overload", had been under way for more than two years. The American war began slowly. Pearl Harbor was an enormous spur to conversion. Some have called Sam Slater's mill the birthplace of the American Industrial Revolution. Shipbuilding offers a third example of innovations importance to the war economy. \underline{\text{greed ruled. Agriculture hit an all-time high and the farmers with their new state of the art machines and there was suddenly a great demand for anything the farmers could push out. Full employment also resulted in raised income levels, which, through a mixture of price and wage controls, were kept ahead of inflation. This included thousands of women who were recruited to work on the Manhattan Project, developing the atomic bomb. Manufacturing output tripled. The remainder was financed by borrowing from financial institutions, an expensive method but one that Congress preferred over the alternatives of raising taxes even higher or making war bond purchases compulsory. He controlled his nation ruthlessly and ultimately led the Soviet Union to victory. Some were killed in combat or captured as prisoners of war. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. During World War II American women took news jobs in the military and defense industry. Neither Germany nor Japan (or for that matter Italy) had any oil. Table 1 shows the dramatic increases in GDP, federal spending, and military spending. Chinese American women also found a place in the defense industry. By the end of the 1950s, 87% of all U.S. families owned at least one television, 75% owned cars, and 60% owned their homes. Women would leave their household duties to help with the needs of the war. WW2 seemed to put America at the summit of the world. Such governments usually attempt to resurrect the former "power", "glory", dominance, and "superiority" of a nation/race. home vegetable garden planted to add to the home food supply and replace farm produce sent to feed the soldiers. When Japan invaded China in 1937, however, he seemed to begin moving away from isolationism. America had won the war and defeated the forces of evil in the world. The war dictated that aircraft, ships (and ship-repair services), military vehicles, and munitions would always rank among the quantitatively most important Lend-Lease goods, but food was also a major export to Britain (Milward, 72). In the Air Force in 1993. Others worked as chemists and engineers, developing weapons for the war. in 1938, allied leaders allowed Hitler to annex part of Czechoslovakia in return for his promise to demand no further territory. 2 (June 1981): 381-401. For instance, as Table 4 shows, the population of the three Pacific Coast states grew by a third between 1940 and 1945, permanently altering their demographics and economies. Direct link to Jeff Kelman's post Were it not for World War, Posted 6 years ago. Later, his status as a successful leader during World War II helped him become President of the United States. Thus the loss of many lives is definitely a great cost. Women faced challenges in overcoming cultural stereotypes against working women, as well as finding adequate childcare during working hours. America was officially a global power, one that intervened in a number of countries, made major diplomatic moves in East Asia, and played a critical role in ending World War I. What was the date of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor? Chapter 15- Absolutism and Constitutionalism. In Germany, for instance, the rise of Adolph Hitler and the Nazi party occurred at least partly because Hitler claimed to be able to transform a weakened Germany into a self-sufficient military and economic power which could control its own destiny in European and world affairs, even as liberal powers like the United States and Great Britain were buffeted by the depression. an aggressive form of government in which a dictator and his supporters cooperate to strictly control a nation, usually at the expense of rights for individuals. They sought peace through isolation and throughout the 1920s advocated a policy of disarmament and nonintervention. The navy was better prepared, but it was too small to fight a two-ocean war and had barely been able to provide enough ships for convoy duty in the North Atlantic. Although both parties pledged progress in 1948, the only major development before 1954 was integration of the military. The most significant US racial discrimination during WWII involved the removal of Japanese Americans from the West Coast to internment camps surrounded by barbed wire and patrolled by soldiers, where they were confined for the duration of the war because of fears of spying and sabotage. In a bold surprise attack, Japanese aircraft destroyed or damaged 18 ships of war at Pearl Harbor, including the entire battleship force, and 347 planes. (Darby, 1976, 7. \underline{\text{are sitting in a tavern. C. There is no room for To Nano and his two heavy suitcases. 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